Arterial Disorders

Arterial Stenosis and Occlusion.
Aetiology:
               1.Atheroma(commonest)
               2.emboli
               3.trauma
2. & 3. in acute form.

Signs and Symptoms:
                              -are related to the organs supplied by the affected artery.
-Lower limbs
                   -claudication, rest pain and gangrene.
-Brain
                   -TIA(transient ischaemic attack)
-Myocardium
                   -Angina amd MI.
-Kidney
                  -hypertension and

Gastro-Intestinal Bleeding.

Signs and symptoms:
                               1.Haematemesis(must be differentiated from haemoptysis)
                               2.Anaemia(occult blood loss)
                               3.Malena
                               4.Bleeding Per Rectal.
1.Haematemesis:
                  e.g, a 50 year-old male presents with haematemesis to the emergency department. What to do?
                                                1.Assessment of and resuscitation-ABC.
                                                2.Cause---->history and examination.
                                                3.Upper GI endoscopy.
                                 Causes of upper GI bleeding: